Judicial Review
The Ultimate Filter of the State
PART I — THE SCOPE
LEGISLATION
Review of Acts
- Tests Acts of Parliament/State Legs.
- Strikes down *ultra vires* laws.
- Checks legislative competence.
- Enforces Fundamental Rights constraints.
EXECUTIVE ACTION
Review of Orders
- Checks arbitrary admin actions.
- Ensures rules map to Parent Act.
- Guards against malice/bias.
- Upholds the Rule of Law.
PART II — CONSTITUTIONAL ANCHORS
THE MANDATE
Articles 13, 32, 226
- Art 13: Laws inconsistent with FRs are void.
- Art 32/226: Writ jurisdiction power.
- Art 136: Special Leave Petition.
- Explicit constitutional authority.
BASIC STRUCTURE
The Unamendable Link
- Declared a Basic Feature (*Minerva Mills*).
- Cannot be amended away by Art 368.
- Parliament cannot shield laws from it.
- The ultimate protector of democracy.
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