Administrative Relations
The Executive Nervous System
PART I — EXECUTIVE DOMINANCE
ARTICLES 256, 257, 365
Directions to States
- Exec power of State must comply with Parl laws.
- Center can give specific administrative directions.
- **Article 365:** If a State fails to comply with Central directions, it is ground for President's Rule (Art 356).
ARTICLE 312
All-India Services
- IAS, IPS, IFoS.
- Recruited & trained by the Center.
- Assigned to and serve State Cadres.
- Creates a unified administrative spine, controlled jointly (ultimate control with Union).
PART II — COOPERATION & DELEGATION
ARTICLE 263
Cooperative Federalism
- **Inter-State Council:** Established by President to investigate common subjects.
- Water dispute tribunals (Art 262).
- Zonal Councils (Statutory).
- Fosters coordination rather than hierarchy.
ARTICLES 258 & 258A
Mutual Delegation
- Rigid separation is impractical.
- **258:** President can entrust Union functions to a State (with its consent).
- **258A:** Governor can entrust State functions to the Union (with its consent).
- Acts as a vital administrative safety valve.
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