Legislative Powers
The Executive Anchor of Parliament
PART I — SESSIONS & ASSENT
ARTICLE 85
Summoning & Prorogation
- The President summons both Houses of Parliament to meet. (Maximum gap between two sessions cannot exceed 6 months).
- Has the power to **prorogue** (end the session) of either House.
- Has the exclusive power to **dissolve** the Lok Sabha (which triggers general elections).
ARTICLE 111
Assent to Bills
- A bill passed by Parliament becomes law ONLY after receiving the President's assent.
- **Options:** Give assent, Withhold assent (Absolute Veto), or Return the bill for reconsideration (Suspensive Veto).
- **Exception:** Cannot return a Money Bill. Must give assent if a returned bill is passed again.
PART II — ORDINANCES & NOMINATIONS
ARTICLE 123
Ordinance Power
- Can promulgate ordinances when **either or both Houses are not in session**, if immediate action is necessary.
- Ordinances have the exact same force and effect as an Act of Parliament.
- Must be approved by Parliament within **6 weeks** of its reassembly, otherwise it ceases to operate.
ARTICLE 80 & 87
Addresses & Nominations
- **Special Address:** Addresses both Houses together at the first session after a general election, and the first session of each year.
- **Nomination:** Nominates **12 members** to the Rajya Sabha having special knowledge in Literature, Science, Art, or Social Service.
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