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NEXUS / 2026 / GS1
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Project Alexandria • Universal Library

UPSC 2026 GS Paper 1

Artifacts 61 through 70

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
61

Consider the following statements about river bridges connecting India with neighbouring countries:

  1. 'Maitri Setu', built over Feni river, connects Ramgarh in India with Sabroom in Bangladesh.
  2. Jhulaghat suspension bridge connects India with Myanmar.
  3. Mechi bridge and its approaches connect Panitanki Bypass in India with Kakarvitta in Nepal.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 2 and 3
  3. 1 only
  4. 3 only

Official Answer: (d) 3 only

Mapped Realm: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ├─ REALM 217: India & Neighbourhood

Topic to Read: Cross-border Connectivity, Neighbourhood First Policy infrastructure, and border rivers.

Concept Breakdown: UPSC loves to flip geographical facts. The 'Maitri Setu' (Friendship Bridge) over the Feni river connects Sabroom in India (Tripura) to Ramgarh in Bangladesh—statement 1 reversed the locations! The Jhulaghat suspension bridge spans the Kali river, connecting India with Nepal, not Myanmar (invalidating statement 2). The Mechi River bridge correctly links Panitanki in West Bengal to Kakarvitta in Nepal, making statement 3 the only accurate fact.
62

Which of the following statements about a Zero First Information Report (Zero FIR) under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 is/are correct?

  1. A Zero FIR can be lodged at any police station, even though the place of commission of a cognizable/non-cognizable offence is outside the territorial jurisdiction of that police station.
  2. The Officer-in-Charge of the police station where a Zero FIR has been lodged may, with the permission of the competent authority, initiate a preliminary enquiry.
  3. Under Zero FIR, it is obligatory for the informant to furnish information electronically.

Select the answer using the code given below :

  1. 1, 2 and 3
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 only
  4. 2 only

Official Answer: (d) 2 only

Mapped Realm: CONTEMPORARY POLITY ISSUES ├─ REALM 26: Criminal Law Reforms

Topic to Read: BNSS 2023 changes, e-FIR vs Zero FIR, and Preliminary Inquiry rules.

Concept Breakdown: Under the new BNSS, a Zero FIR strictly applies to cognizable offences, not non-cognizable ones (making statement 1 technically flawed). While BNSS strongly enables electronic FIRs (e-FIRs), it is absolutely not "obligatory" to furnish a Zero FIR electronically; oral or written submissions are entirely valid (invalidating statement 3). However, the police officer where the Zero FIR is lodged is empowered to initiate a preliminary enquiry with the permission of a higher competent authority before transferring the case to the jurisdictional station (making statement 2 the only correct fact).
63

With reference to the organisations under the Government of India, consider the following details:

Sl. No. Organisation Function Controlling Ministry
1. Central Economic Intelligence Bureau (CEIB) To coordinate between various law enforcement agencies Ministry of Home Affairs
2. Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) To investigate complex corporate frauds Ministry of Finance
3. Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) To preserve values in public life and ensure the health of the national economy Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension

In how many of the above rows are the given details correctly matched ?

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. None

Official Answer: (a) 1

Mapped Realm: GOVERNANCE ├─ REALM 169: Ministries & Departments

Topic to Read: Enforcement Agencies and their parent ministries (Allocation of Business Rules).

Concept Breakdown: UPSC routinely tests your knowledge of who reports to whom. The CEIB tracks economic offences, so it logically sits under the Ministry of Finance, not Home Affairs. The SFIO hunts down rogue corporations, placing it firmly under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, not Finance. Only the CBI is correctly matched; despite its massive investigative power, it functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (which falls directly under the PMO). Thus, only 1 row is correct.
64
DROPPED BY UPSC

Which of the following international conventions have not been ratified by India?

  1. Employment Policy Convention
  2. Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
  3. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
  4. Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
  5. Convention on Reduction of Statelessness

Select the answer using the code given below:

  1. 2 and 4
  2. 1 and 2
  3. 3 and 4
  4. 3, 4 and 5

Official Answer: Question Dropped (X)

Mapped Realm: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ├─ REALM 109: International Treaties in Current Affairs

Topic to Read: ILO Core Conventions and UN Human Rights Treaties ratified by India.

Concept Breakdown: This question was officially dropped, likely due to flawed or incomplete option pairings. For context: India has ratified the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (ILO 105) and the Geneva Conventions. India has not ratified the ILO Employment Policy Convention (No. 122), the Migrant Workers Convention, or the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. None of the provided option combinations perfectly captured the unratified list without including a ratified one.
65

Consider the following statements with respect to the AI Impact Summit, 2026 held in New Delhi:

  1. The Summit's intellectual framework was based on three foundational Sutras : People, Planning, and Progress.
  2. The Preamble of the Summit stresses Democratising AI Resources, which acknowledges the Charter for Democratic Diffusion of AI as a binding framework to support locally relevant innovation and strengthen resilient AI ecosystems while respecting national laws.
  3. The New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact was structured around seven Chakras (Pillars), which included Access for Social Empowerment, AI for Science, and Secure and Trusted AI.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1, 2 and 3
  2. 1 and 2
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 3 only

Official Answer: (d) 3 only

Mapped Realm: CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ISSUES ├─ REALM 70: AI Impact Summit & Global Governance

Topic to Read: India's Global AI Summit diplomacy, GPAI frameworks, and the New Delhi Declaration.

Concept Breakdown: International summit declarations are rarely "binding" frameworks (which invalidates statement 2 regarding the Charter for Democratic Diffusion). Furthermore, the core intellectual framework wasn't "People, Planning, and Progress" (statement 1 is flawed). However, the summit's keystone achievement was the New Delhi Declaration, which was beautifully structured around "Seven Chakras" (pillars) emphasizing democratized access for social empowerment, advancing science, and establishing secure/trusted AI rails. Thus, only statement 3 is factually sound.
66

Which of the following connectivity projects is/are a part of cooperation between India and the ASEAN member countries?

  1. Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project
  2. IMT Trilateral Highway
  3. Agartala-Akhaura Rail Line

Select the answer using the code given below:

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 2 and 3
  3. 1 and 3
  4. 2 only

Official Answer: (a) 1 and 2

Mapped Realm: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ├─ REALM 89: India–ASEAN Relations

Topic to Read: Act East Policy infrastructure, ASEAN geography, and cross-border transport.

Concept Breakdown: This is a test of geographical groupings. ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) includes Myanmar and Thailand, but not Bangladesh (which is SAARC/BIMSTEC). The Kaladan project links Kolkata to Sittwe port in Myanmar (ASEAN). The IMT Trilateral Highway links India to Myanmar to Thailand (both ASEAN). The Agartala-Akhaura Rail Line links India to Bangladesh, which is outside the ASEAN bloc. Therefore, only 1 and 2 fit the criteria.
67

Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists:

List I (Project Supported by India)

A. Mangdechhu Hydroelectric Project

B. Restoration of Stor Palace

C. District Hospital at Dickoya

D. Institute of Security and Law Enforcement Studies

List II (Country)

1. Maldives

2. Afghanistan

3. Bhutan

4. Sri Lanka

Code: A B C D

  1. 1 3 2 4
  2. 3 2 4 1
  3. 3 2 1 4
  4. 1 4 2 3

Official Answer: (b) 3 2 4 1

Mapped Realm: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ├─ REALM 225: India & Global Development Cooperation

Topic to Read: India's Soft Power diplomacy, foreign aid infrastructure, and regional capacity building.

Concept Breakdown: This tests India's "Neighbourhood First" infrastructure diplomacy. The Mangdechhu run-of-river power plant is a flagship Indo-Bhutan energy project (A-3). India funded the restoration of the historic Stor Palace in Kabul, Afghanistan (B-2). The state-of-the-art District Hospital in Dickoya was built by India for the estate workers in Sri Lanka (C-4). The Institute of Security and Law Enforcement Studies (ISLES) was built with Indian grants in the Maldives (D-1). Matching them yields 3-2-4-1.
68

Which of the following items of defence hardware is/are manufactured in India?

  1. Su-30 MKI Fighter Jets
  2. T-90 MK-III Tanks
  3. Akula Class Submarine

Select the answer using the code given below:

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1 and 3
  3. 1 only
  4. 2 only

Official Answer: (a) 1 and 2

Mapped Realm: INTERNAL SECURITY ├─ REALM 193: Defence Industrial Base

Topic to Read: Indigenous defence manufacturing, HAL license production, and Russian tech transfers.

Concept Breakdown: Through massive technology transfer agreements with Russia, India actively manufactures the Su-30 MKI fighter jets (built by HAL in Nashik) and the T-90 (Bhishma) tanks (built at the Heavy Vehicles Factory in Avadi). However, India does not manufacture Akula class nuclear-powered attack submarines; historically, India has only leased them directly from Russia (like the INS Chakra) to train its naval crews. Thus, 1 and 2 are manufactured domestically.
69

Consider the following statements about platforms for multilateral co-operation:

  1. The 'Colombo Process' is a regional consultative process in which member states take binding decisions by consensus.
  2. The 'Abu Dhabi Dialogue' is a voluntary non-binding consultative process among Asian countries of labour origin and destination to facilitate regional cooperation on contractual labour mobility.
  3. The 'Global Forum for Migration and Development', created upon the proposal of a former UN Secretary General, is a voluntary forum whose decisions are non-binding in nature.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1, 2 and 3
  2. 1 and 3 only
  3. 2 and 3 only
  4. 2 only

Official Answer: (c) 2 and 3 only

Mapped Realm: CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ISSUES ├─ REALM 83: Global Migration Governance

Topic to Read: State-led migration forums, Abu Dhabi Dialogue vs Colombo Process, and GFMD.

Concept Breakdown: Regional Consultative Processes (RCPs) on migration are, by design, informal. The Colombo Process, operating for Asian labor-sending countries, is strictly non-binding and voluntary—states use it to share best practices, not to pass binding laws (invalidating statement 1). The Abu Dhabi Dialogue perfectly matches the description of a voluntary, non-binding bridge between Asian origin states and Gulf destination states (statement 2). Similarly, the GFMD is a highly prominent, voluntary, informal, non-binding government-led process born from a UN proposal (statement 3).
70

Consider the following UN organisations/agencies:

  1. World Food Programme
  2. United Nations Children's Fund
  3. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
  4. International Labour Organisation

How many of the above has/have been awarded the Nobel Prize twice?

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4

Official Answer: (a) 1

Mapped Realm: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ├─ REALM 175: UN Specialised Agencies

Topic to Read: Nobel Peace Laureates, UNHCR history, and UN Agency achievements.

Concept Breakdown: This is an elite trivia trap. While all these prestigious organizations have won the Nobel Peace Prize, only the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) has been awarded the prize twice—first in 1954 for its groundbreaking work assisting European refugees after WWII, and again in 1981 for its worldwide assistance to refugees, especially the boat people in Asia. The WFP won once (2020), UNICEF once (1965), and the ILO once (1969). Therefore, only 1 organization fits the criteria.