Historical Evolution
From Merchant Charters to Sovereign Republic
PART I — COMPANY RULE (1773 – 1858)
SUB-REALM 02.1
Regulating Act 1773
- First EIC regulation
- Governor-General of Bengal
- Supreme Court at Calcutta
- Executive Council created
SUB-REALM 02.2
Pitt's India Act 1784
COM
POL
- Double Government system
- Commercial vs Political
- Board of Control
- Court of Directors
SUB-REALM 02.3
Charter Act 1833
- Final centralisation step
- Governor-General of India
- Purely administrative body
- Lost legislative powers
SUB-REALM 02.4
Charter Act 1853
- Separated legislative/executive
- Central Legislative Council
- Open civil service
- Local representation
PART II — THE CROWN TAKES OVER (1858 – 1947)
SUB-REALM 02.5
Govt of India Act 1858
- EIC abolished
- Viceroy created
- Secretary of State
- Crown assumes control
SUB-REALM 02.6
Indian Councils Act 1861
- Decentralisation begins
- Non-official members
- Portfolio system
- Ordinance power
SUB-REALM 02.7
Indian Councils Act 1892
BUDGET ?
- Increased non-officials
- Budget discussions
- Executive questioning
- Maintained official majority
SUB-REALM 02.8
Indian Councils Act 1909
- Morley-Minto reforms
- Separate Muslim electorates
- Indian executive association
- Increased council size
SUB-REALM 02.9
Govt of India Act 1919
TRN
RES
- Montagu-Chelmsford reforms
- Provincial Dyarchy
- Central Bicameralism
- Separated budgets
SUB-REALM 02.10
Govt of India Act 1935
- Structural blueprint
- Provincial Autonomy
- Three Federal Lists
- Established RBI
SUB-REALM 02.11
Independence Act 1947
- End of British rule
- Partition of India
- Sovereign Constituent Assemblies
- Lapsed paramountcy
SUB-REALM 02.12
The Colonial Legacy
- Administrative machinery
- Judicial framework
- Parliamentary system
- 1935 Act structural basis
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