The Architecture of Equity

Meaning & Vision

• Equality, Equity, Inclusion
• Welfare state & Social empowerment
• Constitutional vision for vulnerable sections

Constitutional Arrangement

• Equality & Non-discrimination
• Fundamental Rights & DPSP
• Constitutional safeguards

Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable

• Central/State welfare schemes
• Targeting vulnerable populations
• Welfare delivery & Implementation issues

Legislations & Reforms

• Rights-based legislation
• Institutional mechanisms & Legal gaps
• Reform needs & Policy evaluation

Women Welfare

• Economic/Social/Political empowerment
• Government interventions

Gender Technology Gap

• Digital/Technology access
• Digital literacy & Women's digital empowerment

Women in Politics

• Political representation in legislatures
• Women in local government & Barriers

Marriageable Age

• Legal age & Social implications
• Education, Health, Employment & Demographics

Gender Reservation in ULBs

• Municipal governance representation
• Women's participation & Local empowerment

Child Welfare

• Child protection, Education, Nutrition
• Health, Social security & Vulnerability

Women & Child Schemes

• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Sukanya Samriddhi
• SABLA, Ujjawala, JSY, JSSK

Scheduled Caste Welfare

• Constitutional safeguards & Social empowerment
• Education, Employment & Economic dev

Scheduled Tribe Welfare

• Tribal development & Livelihoods
• Education, Health & Tribal institutions

OBC Welfare

• Social justice & Reservation
• Education, Employment & Empowerment

Caste Census

• Socio-economic data & Representation
• Welfare targeting & Policy planning

Minority Welfare

• Education, Skills & Employment
• Cultural preservation & Govt interventions

Minority Development Schemes

• Nai Roshni, USTAAD, Nai Manzil
• Education & Traditional arts/crafts

Tribal Sub-Plan

• Tribal welfare planning & Targeted expenditure
• Development indicators & Implementation

Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana

• Livelihoods, Education & Health
• Infrastructure & Human development

PM Adarsh Gram Yojana

• SC-dominated villages transformation
• Basic services & Social development

Fifth Schedule Areas

• Tribal administration & Governor's role
• Tribal Advisory Council & Protection

Sixth Schedule Areas

• Autonomous District/Regional Councils
• Tribal self-governance (Legislative/Executive/Judicial)

Autonomous Councils

• Composition, Election & Powers
• Financial, Law-making & Admin responsibilities

Governor & Tribal Areas

• Special responsibilities & Reports
• Scheduled Areas administration role

Disability Welfare

• Social inclusion, Education & Employment
• Social security & Assistive technology

Accessible India Campaign

• Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan
• Barrier-free transport, buildings & digital access

Identification & Inclusion

• SC, ST, OBC, Women, Children, Minorities, PwDs
• Social protection targeting

Social Security Systems

• Social assistance & Social insurance
• Entitlement access for vulnerable groups

Atal Pension Yojana

• Pension coverage for unorganised sector
• Old-age security & Contributions

PM Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana

• Life insurance & Social security
• Financial inclusion for vulnerable households

PM Suraksha Bima Yojana

• Accident insurance & Social protection
• Financial inclusion

Education Structure in India

• Primary to Higher education pathway
• Institutional structure

Primary Education

• Universal access, Enrolment & Retention
• Foundational education & Equity

Secondary Education

• Access, Quality & Gender disparities
• Transition rates

Higher Education

• Universities/Colleges & Access
• Equity, Research & Employability

Govt Initiatives in Education

• School/Higher-ed programmes & Scholarships
• Digital education & Inclusion

Education Reforms

• Curriculum, Teacher & Assessment reforms
• Institutional & Digital reforms

Committees & Recommendations

• Education commissions
• Policy impact & Implementation

Future Prospects of Education

• Digital learning, Technology & Innovation
• Inclusion & Lifelong learning

Skill Development & Indicators

• Employability, Training & Skill gaps
• Labour-market outcomes

Public & Private Health Structure

• Primary, Secondary, Tertiary healthcare
• Public–private interface & Affordability

Health & Human Development

• Healthcare access & Human capital
• Health inequalities & Public expenditure

National Health Mission

• Rural/Urban health & Primary healthcare
• Maternal/Child health & System strengthening

National AYUSH Mission

• Traditional medicine & Public health integration
• Healthcare access

Swasthya Rakshan Programme

• Preventive health & Community awareness
• Health protection

Jan Aushadhi Scheme

• Affordable/Generic medicines
• Access & Public health affordability

Mission Indradhanush

• Immunisation for children & pregnant women
• Coverage & Health equity

NFHS-5 & Health Indicators

• Maternal/Child health, Nutrition, Anaemia
• Fertility, Inequalities & Regional variation

Health Reforms & Universal Access

• Universal healthcare, Affordability & Quality
• Primary healthcare & Digital health

Economic & Human Development

• Growth vs Development & Human capital
• Quality of life & Inclusive development

Poverty: Concepts & Definitions

• Absolute/Relative/Multidimensional poverty
• Poverty line definitions

Poverty Committees & Measurement

• Estimation methodologies & Lines
• Consumption expenditure & Indicators

Poverty Data in India

• Trends, State variation & Rural-urban differences
• Data limitations

Data Estimation Controversy

• Methodological debates & Survey limitations
• Comparability & Policy implications

Causes of Poverty

• Unemployment, Inequality, Lack of assets
• Education/Health gaps & Social exclusion

Poverty & Unemployment

• Underemployment, Informal work & Low wages
• Poverty trap & Youth employment

Poverty & Social Conflict

• Inequality, Social exclusion & Discontent
• Political consequences

LPG Reforms & Poverty

• Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation
• Employment, Inequality & Distributional effects

Poverty & Development Linkages

• Growth, Human development & Inclusion
• Social investment

Rural Poverty

• Agricultural livelihoods & Landlessness
• Rural unemployment & Infrastructure

Urban Poverty

• Informal employment, Slums & Housing
• Migrant vulnerability & Urban services

Feminisation of Poverty

• Female-headed households & Unpaid care
• Wage inequality & Asset ownership

Poverty Alleviation Measures

• Employment, Livelihoods & Food security
• Housing, Financial inclusion & Protection

Programme Implementation

• Targeting, Leakage & Exclusion/Inclusion errors
• Delivery systems, Monitoring & Evaluation

Hunger

• Undernourishment & Food insecurity
• Nutrition & Access to food

Poverty & Hunger

• Relationship, Food access & Purchasing power
• Social protection

Food Security Programmes

• PDS, Nutrition programmes & Distribution
• Entitlements & Implementation issues

Hunger & Health

• Malnutrition, Child/Maternal health
• Disease vulnerability & Human capital

Poverty, Hunger & Development

• Productivity, Human capital & Economic growth
• Health, Education & Social stability

Start-Up India

• Entrepreneurship, Innovation & Finance
• Incubation & Employment

Stand-Up India

• SC/ST/Women entrepreneurship
• Credit access & Enterprise creation

National Student Startup Policy

• Student entrepreneurship & Innovation
• Higher education & Start-up ecosystem

National Skill Development Mission

• Employability, Workforce training & Industry links
• Skill ecosystem

PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana

• Vocational training & Certification
• Skill development & Industry needs

Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana

• Rural/Urban livelihoods & SHGs
• Skill development & Poverty reduction

DDU Grameen Kaushalya Yojana

• Rural youth skill development & Placement
• Rural livelihoods & Migration

Skill Development Initiative Scheme

• Vocational skills & Modular training
• Certification & Workforce development

SETU

• Self-Employment and Talent Utilisation
• Innovation, Start-ups & Employment

Atal Innovation Mission

• Innovation ecosystems & Entrepreneurship
• Schools, Incubators & Start-ups

Rural Development

• Rural infrastructure & Livelihoods
• Human development & Local governance

Rural Dev & Poverty Alleviation

• Rural employment & Livelihoods
• Infrastructure & Social protection

Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana

• Model villages & Infrastructure
• Social/Participatory development

Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday

• Panchayati Raj & Rural development
• Village infrastructure & Social mobilisation

Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission

• Rurban development & Rural-urban linkages
• Infrastructure, Economic activities & Clusters

DDU Gram Jyoti Yojana

• Rural electrification & Feeder separation
• Electricity access & Rural development

PM Gram Sadak Yojana

• Rural roads, Connectivity & Market access
• Education, Health & Rural transformation

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

• Sanitation, Open defecation & Waste mgmt
• Behavioural change & Public health

PM Awas Yojana–Gramin

• Rural housing & Housing security
• Basic amenities for vulnerable households

PM Awas Yojana–Urban

• Urban affordable housing & Slums
• Housing for vulnerable groups & Infra

Housing for All

• Universal housing access & Affordability
• Rural/Urban housing & Basic amenities

Smart Cities Mission

• Urban infrastructure & Technology
• Service delivery & Urban governance

HRIDAY

• Heritage city development & Conservation
• Pilgrimage cities & Urban renewal

AMRUT

• Water supply, Sewerage & Drainage
• Urban transport, Green spaces & Infra

Basic Amenities

• Housing, Water, Sanitation, Electricity, Roads
• Basic services & Access inequalities

Drinking Water & Social Justice

• Access, Quality & Rural/Urban water
• Women's burden & Public health

Sanitation & Social Justice

• Toilets, Waste management & Hygiene
• Public health & Gender dimensions

Inclusive Growth

• Economic opportunity & Social/Regional inclusion
• Poverty reduction & Human development

Measurement of Inclusive Growth

• Income, Employment, Health, Education
• Infrastructure, Access & Inequality indicators

Govt Initiatives for Inclusive Growth

• Social protection, Infra & Financial inclusion
• Education, Health, Employment & Rural dev

Sustainable Dev & Social Justice

• Equity, Intergenerational justice & Sustainability
• Social inclusion

SDGs & India

• SDG implementation & Localisation
• Social/Economic/Environmental indicators

Development Administration

• State intervention & Implementation
• Administrative capacity & Citizen participation
• Inclusive delivery

Panchayati Raj

• Constitutional status & Rural local govt
• Decentralisation, Gram Sabha & Local planning

Panchayati Raj & Social Justice

• Participation & Representation (Women/SC/ST/OBC)
• Local empowerment

Agriculture & Rural Development

• Rural livelihoods, Infra & Ag-employment
• Poverty alleviation & Village dev

Review of Rural Dev Programmes

• Programme evaluation & Outcomes
• Implementation gaps, Convergence & Targeting

PRAGATI

• Project monitoring & Grievance resolution
• Centre–State coordination & Infra review

Indian Community Welfare Fund

• Overseas Indians & Emergency assistance
• Consular support & Community welfare

Jeevan Pramaan

• Digital life certificate for Pensioners
• Authentication & Digital governance

DigiLocker

• Digital documents & Identity
• Paperless governance & Document portability

BharatNet

• National Optical Fibre Network & Rural broadband
• Digital connectivity/inclusion for rural services

INSPIRE

• Science education & Student talent
• Research & Scientific capacity building

SAKAAR

• Relevant institutional/programmatic framework
• Social/developmental application

Digital India

• Digital public services & Inclusion
• E-governance, Infra & Citizen services

Namami Gange

• Ganga conservation & Pollution control
• River/Ecological restoration & Sewage treatment

Ganga Gram

• Rural sanitation in Ganga-basin villages
• Cleanliness, Waste mgmt & Community participation

Jal Kranti Abhiyan

• Water conservation & management
• Community participation & Water security

Khelo India

• Sports participation & Youth development
• Talent identification, Infra & Inclusion

One Rank One Pension (OROP)

• Pension equity for Veterans
• Pension revision & Social security

Welfare State → Vulnerable Sections

• Welfare schemes & Constitutional safeguards
• Targeted interventions & Inclusion

Women → Education → Empowerment

• Girls' education, Marriage age & Skills
• Employment, Political participation & Tech access

Caste → Tribal → Minority Justice

• SC/ST/OBC/Minorities
• Reservation, Welfare & Representation

Poverty → Hunger → Health

• Poverty, Food security & Nutrition
• Healthcare, Education & Productivity

Rural Dev → Infra → Poverty Reduction

• Roads, Housing, Electricity
• Sanitation, Water & Livelihoods

Education → Skill → Employment

• Education & Skills
• Start-ups, Entrepreneurship & Employment

Digital Inclusion → Social Justice

• BharatNet, Digital India, DigiLocker
• Digital access, Digital divide & Welfare portability

Health → Nutrition → Sanitation

• Healthcare, Immunisation & Nutrition
• Water, Sanitation & Human development

Local Government → Social Justice

• Panchayati Raj & Urban local bodies
• Vulnerable groups participation & Decentralisation

Inclusive Growth → Sustainable Dev

• Inclusive growth, Poverty reduction & Basic amenities
• SDGs & Sustainability

Social Justice Case-Study Bank

• Women, Children, SC/ST, OBC, Minorities, PwDs
• Poverty, Health, Education, Rural dev & Inclusive growth

Social Justice Master Revision Matrix