Modes of Acquisition
The Citizenship Act, 1955
PART I — BIRTH & LINEAGE
MODE 01
By Birth
- Born in India
- Jus Soli principle
- Illegal migrants excluded
- Date conditions apply
MODE 02
By Descent
- Born outside India
- Jus Sanguinis principle
- Indian parentage required
- Consulate registration needed
PART II — PROCESS & TIME
MODE 03
By Registration
- Persons of Indian Origin
- Spouses of citizens
- Seven years residence
- Oath of allegiance
MODE 04
By Naturalisation
- Foreign nationals
- Twelve years residence
- Eighth Schedule language
- Distinguished service waiver
PART III — EXPANSION & SPECIAL RULES
MODE 05
Incorporation of Territory
- Foreign territory added
- Automatic mass acquisition
- Govt notifies citizens
- Example: Puducherry
MODE 06
Special Provisions (Assam)
- Assam Accord 1985
- Jan 1, 1966 cutoff
- March 25, 1971 cutoff
- Foreigners Act registration
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