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Federal Features
The Architecture of Shared Power
PART I — THE CORE STRUCTURE
SUB-REALM 06.1
Dual Polity
- Two government levels
- Sovereign powers
- Union vs State
- National & regional
SUB-REALM 06.2
Division of Powers
- Seventh Schedule
- Union List (98)
- State List (59)
- Concurrent List (52)
SUB-REALM 06.3
Bicameralism
- Rajya Sabha (States)
- Lok Sabha (People)
- Revising chamber
- Federal equilibrium
PART II — CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS
SUB-REALM 06.4
Written Constitution
- Written agreement
- Defines boundaries
- Prevents unilateral alteration
- Clear power structure
SUB-REALM 06.5
Supremacy of the Constitution
- Supreme law
- Judicial Review
- Laws must conform
- Constitutional validity
SUB-REALM 06.6
Rigid Constitution
- Special majority needed
- State ratification
- Protects state autonomy
- Limits central power
SUB-REALM 06.7
Independent Judiciary
- Supreme Court apex
- Dispute resolution
- Security of tenure
- Final arbiter
Return to Index: Indian Polity