Forest Conservation
Protected Areas · Social Forestry · Joint Management
MICRO-REALM 01
Forest Conservation
- FOREST CONSERVATION ACT, 1980
- RESTRICTS DE-RESERVATION OF FORESTS
- REGULATES DIVERSION FOR NON-FOREST USES
- MANDATES COMPENSATORY AFFORESTATION
MICRO-REALM 02
Protected Areas (PA)
- NATIONAL PARKS (STRICTEST PROTECTION)
- WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES (LIMITED USE ALLOWED)
- CONSERVATION & COMMUNITY RESERVES
- PRESERVES CRITICAL HABITATS IN-SITU
MICRO-REALM 03
Afforestation
- PLANTING TREES ON BARREN/NON-FOREST LAND
- CREATES NEW FOREST COVER
- PREVENTS DESERTIFICATION & EROSION
MICRO-REALM 04
Reforestation
- REPLANTING IN DEGRADED/CLEARED FORESTS
- RESTORES LOST ECOLOGICAL BALANCE
- OFTEN REQUIRED AFTER TIMBER EXTRACTION
MICRO-REALM 05
Social Forestry
- MANAGEMENT OF FORESTS OUTSIDE TRADITIONAL AREAS
- ROADSIDES, CANAL BANKS, RAILWAY LINES
- REDUCES PRESSURE ON TRADITIONAL FORESTS
MICRO-REALM 06
Agroforestry
- RAISING TREES ALONG WITH AGRICULTURAL CROPS
- OPTIMIZES LAND USE (FOOD + TIMBER/FODDER)
- IMPROVES SOIL FERTILITY & MICROCLIMATE
MICRO-REALM 07
Farm Forestry
- FARMERS GROW TREES FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES
- ON PRIVATE FARMLANDS OR FIELD MARGINS
- PROVIDES EXTRA INCOME (TIMBER, PAPER PULP)
MICRO-REALM 08
Community Forestry
- RAISING TREES ON COMMUNITY LAND (VILLAGE PASTURES)
- BENEFITS WHOLE COMMUNITY, NOT INDIVIDUALS
- PROVIDES FUELWOOD, FODDER, AND SHADE
MICRO-REALM 09
Joint Forest Management
- PARTNERSHIP: FOREST DEPT. + LOCAL COMMUNITIES
- LOCALS PROTECT FORESTS FROM FIRE/GRAZING
- IN RETURN, THEY GET SHARE OF NON-TIMBER PRODUCE
MICRO-REALM 10
Sacred Groves
- TRADITIONAL CONSERVATION BY TRIBALS/LOCALS
- FOREST PATCHES DEDICATED TO LOCAL DEITIES
- STRICTLY PROTECTED; CUTTING IS TABOO
- E.G., KAVUS (KERALA), ORANS (RAJASTHAN)
MICRO-REALM 11
Biosphere Reserves
- LARGE MULTI-PURPOSE PROTECTED AREAS
- ZONING: CORE (NO HUMAN), BUFFER, TRANSITION
- BALANCES CONSERVATION WITH SUSTAINABLE USE
MICRO-REALM 12
Wildlife Corridors
- CONNECTS FRAGMENTED PROTECTED AREAS
- ALLOWS SAFE ANIMAL MIGRATION
- PREVENTS GENETIC ISOLATION OF SPECIES