Academic Domain: Microwave Engineering & RADAR
The Invisible Wave
The Science of Seeing the Unseen
Mastery of High Frequency
The Voice taught us how to encode information. But to push that information across massive distances, or to reach out and touch an unseen object with pure energy, we must command the microwave spectrum. This is the engineering of waveguides, resonant cavities, phased arrays, and the echoes of RADAR.
SOURCE →
MICROWAVE TUBE →
WAVEGUIDE →
S-PARAMETERS →
ANTENNA →
PROPAGATION →
TARGET →
REFLECTION →
RADAR RECEIVER →
DOPPLER SHIFT →
DETECTION →
RESOLUTION
The 15 Microwave Realms
Microwave & RADAR Systems Architecture
REALM 01
The Microwave World
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Microwave Frequency Bands
- High-Frequency Effects
- Lumped vs Distributed Params
The Transmission Line
- Characteristic Impedance
- Reflection Coefficient
- Standing Waves & VSWR
- Impedance Matching (Stubs)
The Smith Chart
- Normalized Impedance
- Reflection Transformation
- Graphical Matching
- Admittance Concepts
The Waveguide
- Rectangular & Circular Guides
- TE & TM Modes
- Cutoff Frequency
- Phase & Group Velocity
Microwave Tubes
- Velocity Modulation
- Klystron (Two-Cavity & Reflex)
- Magnetron Oscillator
- Travelling Wave Tube (TWT)
Solid State Devices
- Negative Resistance
- Gunn Diode & Effect
- IMPATT & TRAPATT Diodes
- PIN Diode Switching
Microwave Circuits
- Scattering (S) Parameters
- Directional Couplers
- Circulators & Isolators
- Microwave Amplifiers/Oscillators
The Antenna
- Radiation Pattern & Gain
- Parabolic Reflectors & Horns
- Microstrip/Patch Antennas
- Polarization (Linear/Circular)
Propagation
- Line-of-Sight (LOS) Link
- Atmospheric Absorption
- Multipath Fading
- Link Budget Calculation
RADAR Principles
- Radar Range Equation
- Pulse Width & PRF
- Maximum/Minimum Range
- Radar Cross Section (RCS)
Target Detection
- Probability of Detection
- False Alarm Rate
- CFAR Processing
- Superheterodyne Receiver
Doppler & Velocity
- Doppler Effect & Frequency
- Continuous-Wave (CW) Radar
- Pulse-Doppler Radar
- Moving Target Indication (MTI)
Phased Arrays & Imaging
- Electronic Beam Steering
- AESA & PESA Radars
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
- Range & Angular Resolution
Electronic Warfare
- Noise & Deception Jamming
- Chaff & Countermeasures
- Stealth & RCS Reduction
- LPI (Low Probability Intercept)
15 — The Invisible Laboratory
[1] S-PARAMETER MEASUREMENT [2] VSWR ANALYSIS [3] ANTENNA PATTERNS [4] DOPPLER SHIFT [5] LINK BUDGET [6] CFAR TUNING
The convergence of microwave theory and radar application. Operating specialized benches to measure standing waves, plot radiation patterns, and calculate the maximum detection range of an unseen target.